Written by Merel Dagher (PEACE Advisor)
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The correct answer is a. Noggin works like a negative inductive signal that inhibits BMP-4 from binding to its receptor. When the levels of Noggin are higher than those of BMP-4, more dorsal structures will be formed. When the levels of BMP-4 are higher than those of Noggin, BMP-4 can bind to its receptor, thus producing ventral structures.